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廣州(zhou)中(zhong)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)黃埔造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)有限公(gong)司是中(zhong)國船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶工(gong)(gong)業(ye)集團(tuan)公(gong)司屬下大(da)型骨干造船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)企業(ye)和國家軍(jun)工(gong)(gong)生產企業(ye)之(zhi)一。始(shi)建于1851年，是華南地(di)區軍(jun)用艦(jian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、大(da)型公(gong)務船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、特(te)種工(gong)(gong)程船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶和海洋工(gong)(gong)程建造與(yu)保障基地(di)。本案例主要(yao)是對(dui)制氧壓(ya)縮機起(qi)動問題的解決。

1.設備概況(kuang)

制(zhi)氧(yang)壓(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機，功率1500 kW，電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)10kV。選用的是我(wo)公(gong)司GGQ系列高壓(ya)(ya)固態軟起動產(chan)品。

2.工頻情(qing)況(kuang)及存在(zai)的問題

⒈ 引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動(dong)，影響(xiang)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會達(da)到額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)其(qi)它設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)運行。交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機在全壓直(zhi)接起動(dong)時，起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流4~7倍(bei)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)(de)容量相對(dui)較大時，該起動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流會引起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)(de)急劇下降(jiang)，影響(xiang)同電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)其(qi)它設備(bei)(bei)的(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)常運行。

⒉ 對電(dian)網(wang)的(de)影響。對電(dian)網(wang)的(de)影響主要表(biao)現在(zai)兩(liang)個方面：①超(chao)大(da)型電(dian)機直接起(qi)動(dong)的(de)大(da)電(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)網(wang)的(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊幾乎類似于三相短路對電(dian)網(wang)的(de)沖(chong)(chong)擊，常常會引發功(gong)率振(zhen)蕩，使電(dian)網(wang)失(shi)去穩定(ding)。②起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流(liu)中含有大(da)量(liang)的(de)高次(ci)諧(xie)波，會與電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)路參數引起(qi)高頻諧(xie)振(zhen)，造成繼電(dian)保護(hu)誤動(dong)作、自動(dong)控制(zhi)失(shi)靈(ling)等(deng)故障。

⒊ 傷(shang)害電(dian)(dian)機(ji)絕(jue)緣，降(jiang)低電(dian)(dian)機(ji)壽命(ming)。①大(da)電(dian)(dian)流產生的(de)焦耳(er)熱反復(fu)作(zuo)用于導(dao)線外絕(jue)緣，使絕(jue)緣加(jia)速老化、壽命(ming)降(jiang)低。②大(da)電(dian)(dian)流產生的(de)機(ji)械力使導(dao)線相互摩(mo)擦，降(jiang)低絕(jue)緣壽命(ming)。③高壓開關(guan)合閘時(shi)(shi)觸頭的(de)抖動現象會在電(dian)(dian)機(ji)定子繞組上產生操作(zuo)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓，有(you)時(shi)(shi)會達到外加(jia)電(dian)(dian)壓的(de)5倍以上，這樣高的(de)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)壓會對電(dian)(dian)機(ji)絕(jue)緣造成(cheng)很大(da)傷(shang)害。

⒋ 電動(dong)力對電機的傷害。大電流(liu)在電機定子線圈和(he)轉(zhuan)子鼠籠條(tiao)上產生很大的沖(chong)擊(ji)力，會造成夾緊松動(dong)、線圈變形、鼠籠條(tiao)斷(duan)裂等故障。

⒌ 對機械設備的(de)傷害。全壓(ya)直接(jie)起動時的(de)起動轉矩為額定(ding)轉矩的(de)2倍，這么(me)大(da)的(de)力矩突然加在靜(jing)止的(de)機械設備上(shang)，加速風(feng)葉(xie)疲勞(lao)甚(shen)至折斷風(feng)葉(xie)等等。

獨立變壓器供電(dian)方式(shi)直接起(qi)動(dong)只能在電(dian)網電(dian)壓波動(dong)方面有所(suo)緩解，而其它方面的(de)危(wei)害依舊存在。當(dang)采(cai)用軟起(qi)動(dong)時，上述(shu)危(wei)害可以很好的(de)得到解決。

3.運行情況

帶壓縮(suo)機(ji)調試(shi)期間(jian)，起(qi)動電流(liu)(liu)為額(e)定電流(liu)(liu)的2.8-3.1倍，起(qi)動時(shi)間(jian)為38秒，起(qi)動時(shi)母線無明(ming)顯壓降反應，母線壓降小于5%，起(qi)動時(shi)平(ping)穩無沖擊，起(qi)動性能優于其它類型的降壓起(qi)動裝置。

錄取其(qi)中(zhong)一臺壓縮(suo)機(ji)帶負載起(qi)動(dong)時電流波(bo)形和電流波(bo)形展開圖壓縮(suo)機(ji)起(qi)動(dong)電流波(bo)形(圖1)

波形分(fen)析;電機起(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)基(ji)本(ben)沒有電流尖峰(feng)，很平(ping)滑(hua)，說明電機起(qi)動(dong)(dong)時(shi)對(dui)電網的沖(chong)擊小，沒有污(wu)染。

壓縮機起(qi)動電(dian)流波形(xing)展開圖(圖2)

波(bo)形(xing)分析;起動波(bo)形(xing)展開后其電流基(ji)(ji)波(bo)基(ji)(ji)本上是一個(ge)比較完整(zheng)的正弦(xian)波(bo)，很正常。

通過對起(qi)動電流(liu)波形的(de)分析和(he)調試運行證明(ming)，該起(qi)動裝置(zhi)能滿足了廣州中船(chuan)黃埔造(zao)船(chuan)有(you)(you)限(xian)公司特殊工況的(de)使(shi)用(yong)要求。GGQ系列高壓固態軟起(qi)動裝置(zhi)投入運行后，壓縮機(ji)的(de)事故率明(ming)顯(xian)下降(jiang)，既(ji)延長了整個壓縮機(ji)系統(tong)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)壽命，同時(shi)又保證了生產安全，具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)經濟效益和(he)社會效益。