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礦(kuang)山(shan) 選礦(kuang)案例

引言

黑(hei)龍(long)江龍(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)礦業(ye)(ye)(ye)控股(gu)集(ji)團有(you)限責任公司(si)(簡稱(cheng)龍(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)控股(gu)集(ji)團)是黑(hei)龍(long)江省屬國有(you)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，東(dong)北(蒙東(dong))地區規模大的煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，特大型(xing)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，中(zhong)國500強企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)，2011年在煤(mei)(mei)(mei)炭百強企(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)排行(xing)中(zhong)位(wei)列17位(wei)，本(ben)次(ci)項(xiang)目是對龍(long)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)集(ji)團下設的雙鴨(ya)山分公司(si)12臺風(feng)機進行(xing)軟起動。

二、現(xian)狀(zhuang)及分析

隨著經濟的(de)(de)發展和技術的(de)(de)進步，行業規模的(de)(de)擴大(da)、裝備的(de)(de)大(da)型(xing)(xing)化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)功率也越來(lai)越大(da)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起動(dong)越來(lai)越受到大(da)家的(de)(de)重視，高壓大(da)型(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)是一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)問題(ti)，它關系(xi)(xi)到供配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)配(pei)置、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起動(dong)能力、起動(dong)設備的(de)(de)選擇(ze)。機(ji)(ji)械負(fu)載(zai)(zai)及傳(chuan)動(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)組成的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)聯合系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，起動(dong)的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉變(bian)為機(ji)(ji)械能的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，起動(dong)裝置的(de)(de)作用就(jiu)是通(tong)過(guo)選擇(ze)和控制過(guo)程(cheng)參數，使起動(dong)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)網、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、負(fu)載(zai)(zai)、傳(chuan)動(dong)都能滿足(zu)各自的(de)(de)技術指(zhi)標要求(qiu)。需要

根據電網(wang)(wang)條件、負載性(xing)質(zhi)、電機(ji)的(de)(de)起(qi)動能(neng)力(li)，選擇什(shen)么樣的(de)(de)起(qi)動設(she)備很(hen)關鍵，使電網(wang)(wang)、電機(ji)、負載、起(qi)動設(she)備之間達到好(hao)的(de)(de)匹配，即節省(sheng)投資，滿足起(qi)動要求，同(tong)時又有一(yi)個(ge)良好(hao)的(de)(de)起(qi)動性(xing)能(neng);一(yi)個(ge)好(hao)的(de)(de)起(qi)動設(she)備可(ke)以節省(sheng)用(yong)戶電網(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)設(she)備投資，節省(sheng)大量的(de)(de)裝機(ji)費。

大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)直接起動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通常是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)4倍~7倍，過(guo)(guo)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)、傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)造(zao)成較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)危害，嚴重時會(hui)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)失(shi)去穩定，諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)會(hui)使(shi)網(wang)損加(jia)大(da)，系統發生諧振(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)可能性(xing)增加(jia)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)造(zao)成較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)力;大(da)量的(de)(de)(de)熱和操作過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，會(hui)破壞電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)繞組絕(jue)緣，引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)故障(zhang)，縮(suo)短電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)壽命，對于齒箱傳動(dong)(dong)(dong)設(she)備(bei)(bei)會(hui)加(jia)快磨損甚(shen)至(zhi)損壞;為了減少(shao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)，就要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)采(cai)取相(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)措施。

三、方案的選定(ding)

龍煤(mei)雙鴨山分(fen)公司電(dian)(dian)機額(e)定功(gong)率：400KW、額(e)定電(dian)(dian)壓6KV，電(dian)(dian)機數(shu)量：12臺(tai)。方案確定使用(yong)我公司GDCQ系(xi)列電(dian)(dian)磁調壓軟起動器，對(dui)12臺(tai)電(dian)(dian)機進(jin)行軟起。

一(yi)次方案圖如下：

四、工作原理

將(jiang)調(diao)壓器(qi)的(de)繞組串(chuan)聯到電動機(ji)定子繞組，繞組利用計算機(ji)閉環控(kong)制技術(shu)，根據起動要求連續調(diao)節晶閘管(guan)的(de)導通角，控(kong)制調(diao)壓器(qi)的(de)端電壓Ub1。

電動機的(de)端電壓：Ud=Us-Ur-Ub1。

Us為電(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)壓，Ur為電(dian)源(yuan)內阻的壓降。

本項目中采用的(de)(de)是一拖(tuo)二(er)方案。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時，QF0、QS1先合上(shang)，QF1、QF2、QS2斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)，通過控制晶閘管導通角，使(shi)調壓器兩(liang)端電(dian)(dian)壓Ub1也逐步下(xia)降，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)端電(dian)(dian)壓Ud逐步上(shang)升，電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)轉矩逐步加大，轉速也逐步上(shang)升，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)平穩(wen)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完成(cheng)，將QF1閉(bi)合，QS1、QS2、QF2斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)投入全(quan)壓運行。進行第(di)二(er)臺電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)，QS2閉(bi)合，QS1、QF2斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)，帶電(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完成(cheng)后，QF2閉(bi)合、QS1、QS2斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)投入全(quan)壓運行。兩(liang)臺電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)全(quan)部起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)完成(cheng)后，此時QS1、QS2、QF0全(quan)部斷(duan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)待(dai)下(xia)次起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。

五、產品特點(dian)

起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流可在1.5-3.5le任意選擇(根據用戶(hu)需要，視(shi)相關(guan)參數(shu)可設計起(qi)(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流范(fan)圍)，起(qi)(qi)動(dong)時(shi)可確(que)保電(dian)網壓(ya)降小，無二次浪涌電(dian)流沖擊;起(qi)(qi)動(dong)時(shi)電(dian)機均勻加速，無機械沖擊，重復使(shi)用性好(hao)，無諧波(bo)污(wu)染;質量穩(wen)定可靠，使(shi)用壽(shou)命長;可實現軟停止。

六、結束(shu)語

GDCQ系列(lie)電(dian)磁調壓(ya)軟(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)器，在(zai)龍煤(mei)雙(shuang)鴨山分公司風機(ji)應用中，將起動(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)流(liu)控制(zhi)在(zai)電(dian)網(wang)和電(dian)機(ji)允許(xu)的范圍內，且起動(dong)(dong)(dong)過程平穩，電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)波動(dong)(dong)(dong)較小(xiao)，滿(man)足了電(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)(dong)要求，保證了電(dian)機(ji)的正常運行，可靠性高，故障率低(di)，達到了預(yu)期效果。