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一， 石化煉油項目中鼓風機的作用(yong)

在石化(hua)(hua)煉油工(gong)藝過程中，相關設備(bei)在運行時(shi)需(xu)要(yao)有(you)一(yi)定壓(ya)(ya)力和(he)溫度的(de)(de)空氣來(lai)作(zuo)必要(yao)的(de)(de)工(gong)藝處理，要(yao)達到此條件(jian)就必須使(shi)用(yong)風(feng)(feng)機(ji)進行壓(ya)(ya)縮，所以鼓風(feng)(feng)機(ji)系統是石化(hua)(hua)煉油生產環節(jie)中的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)設備(bei)組成部(bu)分，而拖(tuo)動(dong)鼓風(feng)(feng)機(ji)的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)功(gong)率(lv)一(yi)般(ban)都比(bi)較大(da)，也(ye)是石化(hua)(hua)行業中主要(yao)的(de)(de)用(yong)電(dian)負荷(he)之一(yi)。

石化煉油廠(chang)外(wai)觀圖

鼓風(feng)機電氣控制(zhi)系統及相關(guan)設備介紹(shao)

高(gao)壓開關(guan)柜和(he)高(gao)壓變(bian)頻(pin)軟起動(dong)(dong)器組成高(gao)壓電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)控(kong)(kong)制系(xi)統，負責電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)的起動(dong)(dong)、運行(xing)和(he)保護控(kong)(kong)制。然后(hou)(hou)電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)拖動(dong)(dong)鼓(gu)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)進行(xing)空氣(qi)(qi)壓縮，為煉油(you)工(gong)藝中提供必要(yao)壓縮氣(qi)(qi)體。其具(ju)體工(gong)作流程是(shi)：10KV高(gao)壓電(dian)源通過高(gao)壓電(dian)纜從變(bian)電(dian)站(zhan)引到高(gao)壓開關(guan)柜，經(jing)切換柜與(yu)高(gao)壓變(bian)頻(pin)軟起動(dong)(dong)器后(hou)(hou)到高(gao)壓電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，用來控(kong)(kong)制電(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)及(ji)鼓(gu)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)的正常(chang)起動(dong)(dong)和(he)安全(quan)運行(xing)。鼓(gu)風(feng)機(ji)(ji)的作用是(shi)將濾清的空氣(qi)(qi)進行(xing)壓縮并送入儲氣(qi)(qi)罐，然后(hou)(hou)按工(gong)藝要(yao)求(qiu)送煉油(you)設(she)備(bei)現場。

二， 項目中鼓風機及高壓配(pei)電系統的主要(yao)參數

此項目在河北省某(mou)石化煉油工程現場，鼓風(feng)機(ji)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)陜鼓軸流(liu)鼓風(feng)機(ji)，其(qi)轉(zhuan)速(su)為(wei)5700轉(zhuan)/分，配(pei)套電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)主要參數(shu)為(wei)9000KW，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)等(deng)級10KV，額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)623A，堵(du)轉(zhuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)4.51倍，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)轉(zhuan)速(su)1490轉(zhuan)/分，經變速(su)箱升速(su)后驅動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)軸流(liu)鼓風(feng)機(ji)。該系(xi)統高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主要電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)參數(shu)為(wei)110KV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站提供一(yi)條10KV高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)專線，其(qi)短路容量為(wei)60MVA，整個(ge)項目用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)公(gong)司按(an)16500KW給(gei)定(ding)，從(cong)變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站到項目所在地(di)還有(you)5公(gong)里的(de)架空線纜，在用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高(gao)峰時其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)較大(da)。針對(dui)此供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)條件及(ji)用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)負荷進行(xing)仿(fang)真(zhen)計算，得到其(qi)結(jie)果后分析，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)般的(de)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器來起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)時(起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)有(you)2.5Ie以上)，其(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)可能(neng)會超過(guo)(guo)25%以上同時還會因過(guo)(guo)流(liu)造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)跳閘，對(dui)系(xi)統中(zhong)其(qi)它設備的(de)安全(quan)運行(xing)會有(you)很(hen)大(da)影響(xiang)。而采(cai)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)變頻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器方案來起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)此電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機(ji)(起(qi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)以下)，它可以滿足以上電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)條件，同時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降(jiang)也很(hen)小(xiao)。

三， 鼓風機(ji)系(xi)統(tong)在(zai)起(qi)動過(guo)程中對(dui)電網系(xi)統(tong)影響(xiang)的分析(xi)

由于鼓(gu)風(feng)機系統在(zai)其(qi)(qi)整個項目中占用(yong)功(gong)率較大，特(te)別是在(zai)起(qi)動(dong)過程中采用(yong)一般降(jiang)壓(ya)軟起(qi)動(dong)裝置來起(qi)動(dong)此電(dian)動(dong)機時，其(qi)(qi)起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流(liu)對電(dian)網(wang)的沖擊(ji)是很(hen)大的，若起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)流(liu)參數(shu)設置不當還會(hui)導致開(kai)關柜(ju)過流(liu)跳閘(zha)以(yi)及電(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)降(jiang)過大影響其(qi)(qi)它設備正常運行(xing)等問題。在(zai)本案中所提供的電(dian)網(wang)短(duan)路容量小(xiao)及線(xian)路過長的原因，此電(dian)動(dong)機是不可能直接起(qi)動(dong)的，就是采用(yong)一般降(jiang)壓(ya)軟起(qi)動(dong)也會(hui)電(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)降(jiang)過大或起(qi)動(dong)過流(liu)等原因而影響鼓(gu)風(feng)機系統及電(dian)網(wang)中其(qi)(qi)它設備的正常工作。具體歸類(lei)分析如下(xia)：

1，因(yin)鼓風機配套電(dian)(dian)動機功(gong)率(lv)較大(da)(da)(da)，占整個線路容量的(de)60%以上(shang)，若采用一般的(de)軟起(qi)動器(qi)其起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)達1500A以上(shang)，超(chao)過整個電(dian)(dian)網(wang)給(gei)定的(de)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)極限(xian)值，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)降(jiang)可能達25%以上(shang)，對(dui)主變壓(ya)器(qi)、高壓(ya)線路、控制開(kai)關柜、本(ben)機系統(tong)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)是(shi)很大(da)(da)(da)的(de)。特別(bie)是(shi)本(ben)線路電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中其它設備因(yin)生產(chan)工藝的(de)需要，在電(dian)(dian)機未起(qi)動前要提前開(kai)起(qi)來，但是(shi)過大(da)(da)(da)的(de)起(qi)動電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)會導致電(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)降(jiang)很大(da)(da)(da)甚至(zhi)因(yin)過流(liu)(liu)而跳(tiao)閘，會造成(cheng)這些(xie)設備因(yin)低(di)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)跳(tiao)閘停機，給(gei)整個設備系統(tong)的(de)安全使用帶來很多很大(da)(da)(da)隱患。

2，由于此(ci)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)特殊供電(dian)(dian)原因(短路容(rong)(rong)量小、線路長)，要解決容(rong)(rong)量小電(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓降過大的(de)問題，只(zhi)有(you)起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小的(de)軟起(qi)設(she)備，而采用高壓變頻軟起(qi)動(dong)器是能(neng)滿足以(yi)(yi)上(shang)要求的(de)，它(ta)能(neng)確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機在(zai)起(qi)動(dong)時其起(qi)動(dong)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于500A(小于額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu))以(yi)(yi)下，電(dian)(dian)網(wang)壓降只(zhi)有(you)2%左右，對整個項目電(dian)(dian)器設(she)備系統沒有(you)任(ren)何影響和沖擊。

3，采用(yong)高壓(ya)變頻軟起動器后也可(ke)(ke)減(jian)少設(she)(she)備的投資和運(yun)行費用(yong)，可(ke)(ke)在原有的基礎上不(bu)用(yong)另外增加其它(ta)設(she)(she)備和投資就可(ke)(ke)以很好解決(jue)電(dian)動機的起動與其它(ta)設(she)(she)備的用(yong)電(dian)問題，也不(bu)需要(yao)變電(dian)站放大(da)容量增加運(yun)行成(cheng)本和費用(yong)。

四， 高壓變頻軟起動(dong)器在此工程方案中的具體應用(yong)情(qing)況

1，高壓(ya)變頻軟(ruan)起動(dong)器的(de)選型說明

根據該項目工程的(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)，經過雙方(fang)多次溝通與技術交流(liu)，按(an)電(dian)動(dong)機9000KW功率，電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)(deng)級10KV的(de)(de)(de)(de)參數情況，選用大禹(yu)電(dian)氣GBRQ-10000-10/10-B，電(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)(deng)級為10KV的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)變頻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器是可以滿足起(qi)(qi)動(dong)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)鼓風機為一(yi)(yi)般負載，加之電(dian)動(dong)機堵(du)轉(zhuan)電(dian)流(liu)為4.5不是很大，所以變頻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)器件采用一(yi)(yi)般標配容量和配置即可滿足現場起(qi)(qi)動(dong)要(yao)求，完全能達到(dao)較好的(de)(de)(de)(de)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)效(xiao)果。同時特別說明高(gao)壓(ya)變頻軟(ruan)(ruan)起(qi)(qi)動(dong)器與高(gao)壓(ya)變頻器在控制原(yuan)理(li)上是一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，但它的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)器件選型(xing)是不一(yi)(yi)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

2，高壓變頻軟起動器此工程方案中(zhong)的起動情況

設備達到現場經(jing)過緊張的(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)和(he)調試(shi)后，高壓(ya)(ya)變頻(pin)軟起(qi)(qi)動器的(de)實際起(qi)(qi)動參數為，起(qi)(qi)動電(dian)流460A，起(qi)(qi)動時間(jian)190秒，電(dian)網(wang)壓(ya)(ya)降(jiang)只有1.5%左右，電(dian)動機起(qi)(qi)動完成(cheng)切(qie)換轉至運行狀(zhuang)態時電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)電(dian)流無(wu)任(ren)何波動和(he)沖擊，完全達到技術設計要求。

五， 項目工程高(gao)壓變頻軟起動器控制方案說明

1，系統控(kong)制方(fang)案(an)圖及工作過(guo)程(cheng)

根據(ju)用戶電(dian)(dian)(dian)機參(can)數(shu)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)配置(zhi)要求，該項目(mu)方(fang)案采用10000KW,電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)等級10KV的高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，一(yi)次方(fang)案如下圖。該系(xi)統的工(gong)作過(guo)程為：當高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜和高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)準備完(wan)好通(tong)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)檢測(ce)正常后(hou)(hou)，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)送一(yi)個(ge)允許合閘(zha)(zha)信號(hao)給開(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜。在(zai)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)柜QF1合閘(zha)(zha)后(hou)(hou)，切換(huan)開(kai)關(guan)(guan)QF3及QF4先后(hou)(hou)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合閘(zha)(zha)，起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)，輸(shu)出一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)頻(pin)率和幅值可以變(bian)化的工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機開(kai)始(shi)緩慢轉動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)起來，通(tong)過(guo)逐步提速后(hou)(hou)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)輸(shu)出的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)接近工(gong)頻(pin)時，延(yan)時2秒(miao)后(hou)(hou)QF3及QF4同時自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)分(fen)閘(zha)(zha)，運行開(kai)關(guan)(guan)QF2合閘(zha)(zha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)機轉入工(gong)頻(pin)運行，高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)變(bian)頻(pin)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)器(qi)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)退出起動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

高壓變頻軟起動器一(yi)次(ci)方(fang)案(an)圖

2，系(xi)統方案(an)中主要設備及配(pei)置(zhi)情況(kuang)介紹

①起動(dong)運行(xing)開關柜：它采用KYN28柜型，負(fu)責高壓變頻(pin)軟起動(dong)器的起動(dong)和運行(xing)保護開關。

②切(qie)換中控柜(ju)：它由(you)兩大部分組成，柜(ju)前裝有變頻軟(ruan)起(qi)中控部分及顯(xian)示屏(ping)按鈕等(deng)。柜(ju)后由(you)QF3QF4串由(you)變頻軟(ruan)起(qi)組成起(qi)動回(hui)路(lu)(lu)，QF2為旁路(lu)(lu)工頻運行開關。

③移(yi)相變壓(ya)器(qi)柜：高壓(ya)變頻軟起柜內裝(zhuang)有移(yi)相變壓(ya)器(qi)，柜頂(ding)裝(zhuang)有冷卻風機。

④功(gong)率模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)單元(yuan)(yuan)柜(ju)：高壓變頻軟起柜(ju)內裝有多(duo)組功(gong)率模(mo)塊(kuai)(kuai)單元(yuan)(yuan)，以每(mei)相為單位(wei)運行串接，然后輸出(chu)三相電(dian)源到電(dian)動機，柜(ju)頂裝有冷卻風機。